HiMedia – M1953 HiCrome™ MRSA Agar Base, Modified

Principle and Interpretation
MRSA is a resistant variation of the common bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and MRSE is a resistant variation of the common bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus is an invasive pathogen that can cause disease in almost any tissue or organ in the human body, primarily in compromised individuals (1). Staphylococcal infections were earlier treated using Penicillin. But over the years resistance to this drug developed. Methicillin was the next drug of choice. While methicillin is very effective in treating most Staphylococcus infections some strains have developed resistance to methicillin and can no longer be killed by this antibiotic. These resistant bacteria are called Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2).Patients with breaks in their skin due to wounds, indwelling catheters or burns are those with certain risk of developing MRSA infection (3). Spread of MRSA infections can be controlled to a great extent by maintaining personal hygiene after interaction with an MRSA infected person (2). Peptone provide the essential nutrients along with carbonaceous, nitrogenous and Vitamin B complex nutrients. The chromogenic mixture incorporated in the medium is specifically cleaved by Staphylococcus aureus to give green coloured colonies whereas Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis gives blue coloured colonies. This medium helps in identification and differentiation of MRSA and MRSE. Sodium pyruvate enhances the growth of Staphylococcus species. Sodium chloride in the medium helps to maintain the osmotic equilibrium of the medium. High concentration of sodium chloride also helps in inhibiting the accompanying microflora. Inhibitor mixture imparts selectivity to the medium. Cefoxitin is recommended to use for selective isolation of MRSA. The medium is made selective for MRSA by the addition of MeReSa Selective Supplement (FD229) and Cefoxitin Supplement (FD259) in combination.

原理與解釋
MRSA是常見細菌金黃色葡萄球菌的抗性變異，MRSE是常見細菌表皮葡萄球菌的抗性變異。金黃色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）是一種侵入性病原體，幾乎可以在人體的任何組織或器官中引起疾病​​，主要是受損的個體（1）。 早期使用青黴素治療葡萄球菌感染。但多年來，這種藥物的耐藥性得到了發展。甲氧西林是下一個選擇的藥物。雖然甲氧西林在治療大多數葡萄球菌感染方面非常有效，但一些菌株已經對甲氧西林產生抗藥性，並且不再能被這種抗生素殺死。這些耐藥細菌被稱為耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌（MRSA）（2）。由於傷口，留置導尿管或燒傷而導致皮膚破裂的患者俱有一定的MRSA感染風險（3）。通過在與MRSA感染者相互作用後保持個人衛生，可以在很大程度上控制MRSA感染的傳播（2）。 蛋白腖提供必需的營養素以及碳質，含氮和維生素B複合營養素。摻入培養基中的生色混合物被金黃色葡萄球菌特異性切割，得到綠色菌落，而表達甲氧西林的表皮葡萄球菌產生藍色菌落。該培養基有助於鑑定和區分MRSA和MRSE。丙酮酸鈉促進葡萄球菌的生長。培養基中的氯化鈉有助於維持培養基的滲透平衡。高濃度的氯化鈉也有助於抑制伴隨的微生物群落。抑製劑混合物賦予培養基選擇性。建議將頭孢西丁用於MRSA的選擇性分離。通過組合添加MeReSa選擇性補充劑（FD229）和頭孢西丁補充劑（FD259），使培養基對MRSA具有選擇性。